How ICFs Perform in a Fire
ICFs are leading the pack regarding fire safety as they provide a solid concrete exterior with a 3- to 4-hour fire rating. While the exterior Styrofoam insulation simply melts off with direct fire, the solid concrete core will give your family the protection they need to get to safety.
Concrete doesn’t burn like homes made from other materials. Even steel can bend and soften, which compromises building safety. In ‘fire-wall’ tests, ICF walls have been subjected to continuous gas flames with temperatures exceeding 2000°F for as long as four hours. Not one of the walls made from ICFs has failed structurally, and it shows up well when compared to wood-frame homes, which typically collapse after being exposed to fire for an hour or less. Wood-frame homes are structurally unstable much sooner, and deaths and injuries can occur from collapsing walls and falling debris.
If you are worried about the fumes from melting Styrofoam, a Southwest Pacific Research Institute study found that the emissions from burning Styrofoam are “no more toxic” than smoke from wood-frame housing.
So reliable and robust are ICFs that they are also being utilized in military buildings. In 2003, the military conducted a series of blast resistance tests at the Quantico Marine Base, where ICF walls survived explosions as close as six feet. Another trial in 2007 in Florida showed ICFs could withstand sustained fire from a 50-calibre machine gun.
“Since September 11th, all military buildings must have force protection built in,” says a spokesman for the military. “ICF construction is the most cost-effective way to achieve that.”